Horo and Cavalry Samurai: the Mysterious Balloon

Step into the captivating world of Japanese military history as we delve into the awe-inspiring cavalry of the samurai. Among these remarkable warriors, there exists a distinctive feature—a massive balloon-like object adorning their backs known as HORO. Join us on a journey to uncover the significance and secrets behind these enigmatic adornments.

An depictions of the great battles of that era, some mounted samurai showcase large fabric devices resembling balloons on their backs, known as HORO (or HOROU).

The earliest examples of HORO can be traced back to the Kamakura period (1192-1333). They were different from the larger HORO that would come later. In fact, they were a type of cloak worn and tied to the upper part and waist of the armor, opening on the sides, allowing them to inflate like parachutes during a charge.

HORO evolved with the introduction of OIKAGO, a round structure made of plant fibers (such as wicker or bamboo) and later animal materials (whalebone). The fabric was then anchored to this structure, typically made of silk. This framework enabled the fabric to maintain a puffed appearance even at moderate speeds or when the samurai dismounted from their horse.

Among the various explanations for the use of HORO, one theory suggests that it served to protect the samurai’s back from enemy arrows, although this explanation appears implausible given the lightweight fabric structure.

Another theory proposes that HORO may have been an attempt to emulate the Gods of Wind and Thunder, often depicted with billowing cloaks behind them.

However, the most plausible explanation is that HORO was used to quickly distinguish one cavalry unit from another. It is frequently seen worn by the mounted bodyguards of the Daimyo (known as HATAMOTO), who were distinguished by the color of the fabric or the presence of their clan’s crest (MON).

Even messengers often wore brightly colored HORO on the battlefield for easy identification, allowing different officers to recognize them swiftly.

Modified Perry Miniatures Cavalry Samurai adorned with a Warlord Miniatures HORO.

On the 28mm scale miniature market, there are several companies that produce these samurai cavalry figures. In my opinion, the best pieces are from Perry Miniatures, as showcased in the photos of this article.